Vehicle Extrication (Steering Wheel and Pedals): Key techniques for steering wheel cutting, pedal release, and dashboard lifting.

In the event of a traffic accident, the driver may become trapped due to vehicle deformation or crushing, making it difficult to move. This document describes methods for rescuing a driver from the foot area and vehicle extrication activities. However, as in previous instructions, unnecessary destruction should be avoided to minimize risks to both rescuers and the victim.

Steering Wheel Destruction and Cutting

If the driver is trapped and unable to move, adjusting the position of the steering wheel and seat can help free them.

Seat Adjustment

• Note that some vehicles may use buttons instead of levers.
• Before resorting to cutting or destruction, check if adjusting the seat can facilitate the rescue.
• Slide the seat backward or recline it.

Steering Wheel Adjustment

If the driver is trapped by the steering wheel, try the following before cutting or destruction:

• Press the height adjustment button (tilt steering) to change the position of the steering wheel.

Note: Sometimes, it may appear that the driver is trapped by the steering wheel when it’s actually their clothing that is caught. Be sure to check this first.

If adjusting the steering wheel position is not possible, proceed to cutting the steering wheel.

• Use either a hydraulic cutter or a reciprocating saw. Prioritize using the hydraulic cutter due to the risks associated with vibrations from the reciprocating saw.
• The cutting points are at the spokes and the lower part of the steering wheel.

Lifting the Steering Column

Steering Column

Lifting the steering column can also create space for rescue. Use spreaders, ram cylinders, or air mats for this purpose.

When using a chain, wrap it around the steering column and the axle. Avoid wrapping it around bumpers or other parts that may lack sufficient strength and could break.

Lifting the Dashboard

Using a Ram Cylinder

One method involves lifting the dashboard and steering wheel using a ram cylinder.

1. Cutting the A-Pillar: Use a hydraulic cutter to make two cuts in the A-pillar. This helps to expand the interior space.
2. Lifting with the Ram Cylinder: Use the ram cylinder to push up the dashboard and steering wheel.

Caution: When using the ram cylinder, it may block the rescue point and make it difficult to rescue from the driver’s side. Be aware of this limitation.

Technique: Inserting a wedge into the expanded cut section is another useful technique.

Cutting the Pedals

Sometimes the driver’s foot can get trapped by the pedals, making it difficult to escape. In such cases, the pedals need to be cut or bent.

Note: Just like with the steering wheel, it might appear that the foot is trapped when in reality, it’s just the pants or shoes caught on the pedal.

Quick Method for Releasing Pedals

A common method to release the driver’s trapped foot involves using tape slings or the car’s seat belt to create a loop.

1. Set Up the Loop: Create a loop and place it over the pedal (see photo 1).
2. Attach to the Spreader: Pull the loop outside the car and attach it to the spreader. Secure the spreader to a strong part of the car or an external object to create pulling force (see photo 2).
3. Pull the Pedal: For the brake pedal, pull it towards the passenger side (see photo 3).

Source: Excerpts from the 14th 9PM Chugoku-Shikoku Training Meeting and the 9th TIRAEMT in Tottori [Vehicle Accident Response Training] | Rise Co., Ltd.

Reference page: Learn safe, swift, and reliable traffic rescue techniques! This guide covers essential procedures for rescue and firefighting teams, from initial response to victim extraction and transport. Discover key methods for vehicle stabilization, battery disconnection, and minimizing secondary accident risks at crash sites.

References　National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

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