Substation Fire Response Procedures

Substation Fire Response Procedures: Stay safe with expert-approved steps for handling electrical fires.

Immediate Actions and Contacting the Utility Company

When a fire breaks out at a substation, the first and most critical step is to notify the electric utility company. Shutting off power can take time, so early notification is essential. Never enter the substation while electricity is still flowing — energized equipment presents a severe electrocution hazard.

Substations contain high-voltage lines and various electrical components. Even if the area seems safe, hidden dangers exist. Wait for the utility crew to arrive before entering. They have the expertise and authority to shut off the power safely. Quick communication and a calm approach are key to initial fire response.

Actions Upon Arrival

Upon arriving at the scene, park vehicles and equipment at a safe distance from power lines, as there is a risk of lines falling. Assess the situation, and if possible, request a copy of the substation’s emergency response plan — it often includes specific hazards and safety protocols.

If other emergency responders arrive, immediately inform them of potential electrical and explosion risks. Effective coordination helps minimize danger and damage.

Keeping Bystanders Safe

Bystanders must be kept at least 100 meters (about 330 feet) away from the fire. Explosions and flying debris can cause severe injuries. Oil-filled equipment like transformers and breakers may explode or spray burning oil.

Clearly explain the risks to onlookers, as they often underestimate the danger. Encourage cooperation by explaining the need for distance in simple terms.

Equipment Readiness and Property Protection

While waiting for utility personnel, prepare equipment and protect nearby property. Water mist can be used to cool surrounding structures — but never enter the substation unless cleared by utility experts. These facilities have unique dangers that require specialized knowledge.

Once utility personnel arrive, follow their guidance for fire suppression. They understand the layout and can guide safe, effective action.

Safety Around Equipment and Power Lines

Always observe minimum approach distances — even if power appears to be off. Substations can still carry residual or stray current due to poor grounding.

Fire engines must be connected to grounding grids to reduce the risk of electrical shock. Maintain safe distances and assume equipment may still be energized until confirmed otherwise.

Avoid Using Metal Tools

Do not use metal ladders or tools during substation fires — metal conducts electricity and increases the risk of shock. This includes items like metal tape measures or extension cords.

Use non-conductive tools and gear to ensure safety.

Special Considerations Inside Control Buildings

Equipment Value and Fire Suppression Choices

Control rooms often contain expensive and sensitive electronics. Use CO₂ extinguishers whenever possible to minimize damage. Avoid using water unless approved by the utility company, as it may cause costly damage or service outages.

Toxic Gases from Burning PVC Cables

Burning PVC cables release highly toxic and corrosive gases. Always wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when entering these buildings.

Proper decontamination is essential to prevent long-term health issues. Follow guidance from trained personnel for cleaning and safety.

Check for Fixed Suppression Systems

Some control rooms have automatic fire suppression systems using gases like SF₆ or Novec 1230. These displace oxygen and can cause suffocation. Always wear SCBA when operating in these areas.

HVAC System Shutdown

Evaluate whether HVAC systems in control or compressor buildings need to be shut down to prevent smoke infiltration. This helps protect indoor air quality and minimize smoke damage.

Fire Suppression Near Electrical Equipment

Follow utility guidance when using water. Keep at least 10 meters (33 feet) away from energized equipment. Use water in spray or fog patterns with a nozzle angle of at least 30° and a pressure above 700 kPa (100 psi).

Transformer Oil Fires

Most substation fires involve transformer or circuit breaker oil. Use water spray to cool nearby equipment and hot surfaces. If power is confirmed off, foam can also be used effectively.

Preventing Oil from Spreading

Take steps to contain burning oil from entering cable trenches or utility holes. Utility staff are trained in oil containment and can assist in preventing environmental damage.

Final Note

Always act under the supervision of utility professionals. Use appropriate PPE, follow safety protocols, and communicate clearly to minimize risks and prevent injuries.

Speech Bubble

If a fire breaks out at a substation, call the power company immediately—it takes time to shut the power off. Don’t go near it while it’s energized. Stay at a safe distance, avoid using metal tools, and never enter until utility crews arrive. Always follow their lead.