“High-Altitude Rescue (On a Roof without an Anchor)” explains roof rescue methods without anchors, including PPE and techniques.
High-Altitude Rescue (On a Roof without an Anchor)
When an accident occurs while working on a roof, rescue operations become critical, especially if there are no anchor points available. Here, we will explain the basic methods of self-protection during roof work.
1. Preparation of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Safety Harness:
Wear a full-body safety harness. The harness distributes the impact of a fall and securely holds the worker.
Safety Rope and Shock Absorber:
The safety rope is used between the harness and an anchor point, and the shock absorber absorbs the impact in case of a fall.
2. Use of Temporary Anchor Points
If natural or existing anchor points cannot be used, temporary anchor points need to be created:
Using Heavy Objects:
Use heavy objects that won’t damage the roof structure (e.g., large water tanks or heavy machinery) as anchor points. Secure the safety rope to the heavy object, ensuring it can support the weight of the worker in case of a fall.
Mobile Anchor Systems:
Commercially available mobile anchor systems can also be used. These systems are weighted and can be easily set up and moved on the roof.
3. Ensuring a Safe Working Area
Limiting the Work Area:
Use the length of the safety rope to physically limit the safe working area. Restrict access to areas with a risk of falling.
Principle of Double Protection:
If possible, use two independent safety systems. If one fails, the other ensures safety.
4. Continuous Monitoring and Communication
Watchperson:
Assign a watchperson on the ground or in a safe location to continuously monitor the work and communicate as needed.
Communication Means:
Use mobile phones or radios to maintain constant communication between the worker and the watchperson.
Working on a roof is very dangerous, so thorough preparation and safety measures are crucial. Undergo professional training, use appropriate safety equipment, and always prioritize safety.
Initial Response
The initial response in a roof rescue situation needs to be quick and careful. Here, we explain the steps from situation assessment to rescue.
1. Gathering Information from Stakeholders
First, gather information about the accident from witnesses or involved parties. Collect necessary details for the rescue operation, such as the cause of the accident, the number of people needing rescue, and their condition (consciousness, injuries).
2. Size-up (Situation Assessment)
Evaluate the safety of the rescue site and decide on the approach and rescue methods. Consider the type, slope, and strength of the roof, and the surrounding environment (e.g., presence of power lines) to prioritize the safety of the rescue team.
3. Calling Out to the Person Needing Rescue
To check if the person needing rescue is conscious, call out their name and ask for their birthdate. Apply the SAMPLE principle to quickly assess their condition and gather information:
- S (Signs and Symptoms)
- A (Allergies)
- M (Medications)
- P (Past Medical History)
- L (Last Oral Intake)
- E (Events Leading Up to Injury/Illness)
4. Choosing the Rescue Method
If the person can walk, guide them safely to the ground using a ladder, ensuring a rescue team member supports them during the transition from the roof to the ladder.
If walking is difficult or they are unconscious, consider using an air rescue mat or stretcher. This may require additional rescue team members or special equipment.
5. Using an Air Rescue Mat
When there is a risk of falling from a height or if a ladder cannot be used safely, an air rescue mat is effective. Place the mat under the roof to allow the person needing rescue to safely reach the ground.
These initial responses are essential to ensure the safety and efficiency of the rescue operation. Rescue team members need to be trained and prepared to execute these responses quickly and accurately.
Special Rescue Techniques
If the person needing rescue cannot walk or is unconscious, special techniques and equipment are required. Here, we explain the crane and rope rescue method and the horizontal rescue method using ladders.
Rescue Operations Using a Crane Mounted on a Rescue Vehicle (Caution: Power Lines)
Using a crane mounted on a rescue vehicle is particularly effective for high-altitude rescues or when it’s difficult to safely move the person needing rescue to the ground. Here are the steps for conducting a rescue using a crane. Always be aware of power lines and prioritize safety during the operation.
1. Positioning Rescue Team Members on the Roof
Two rescue team members climb onto the roof. They must wear safety harnesses to ensure their own safety.
2. Safety Measures to Prevent Falls
Attach a safety belt to the person needing rescue. This prevents falls and ensures their safety during the rescue operation.
Tie a safety rope to a fixed object such as a tree or block to create a secure line. This stabilizes the person and limits their movement, making the rescue operation safer.
3. Preparing the Basket Stretcher
Lift the basket stretcher to the accident site using the crane. The crane allows for safe and efficient transportation of the stretcher to the roof.
4. Conducting the Rescue Using the Crane
Use the crane to guide the person needing rescue with ropes. Securely fix the person in the basket stretcher, and slowly lower them to the ground using the crane.
During the rescue, team members use ropes to stabilize the basket stretcher and guide it safely. They should coordinate with the crane operator and proceed carefully.
Safety Precautions
Always be aware of the surroundings, especially the location of power lines. Ensure the crane boom and ropes do not come into contact with power lines by maintaining a safe distance.
The crane should be operated by a trained specialist. Rescue team members should also undergo training in rescue techniques using a crane beforehand.
Rescue operations using a crane can safely rescue the person in need with proper preparation, training, and teamwork. Always follow safety-first principles and conduct the rescue efficiently and promptly.
Ladder Horizontal Rescue Method When Crane on Rescue Vehicle is Unusable
When the crane on a rescue vehicle cannot be used, the “Ladder Horizontal Rescue Method” is effective for rescuing people from roofs or high places. This method is especially useful in confined or unstable spaces. Below are the steps explained clearly.
1. Positioning the Rescue Team and Equipment
Three rescue team members climb onto the roof. The equipment they carry includes safety belts, Pitagor (a type of triangular bandage useful for supporting the person needing rescue), one rope, a crossbar, and at least three Prusik cords.
2. Implementing Safety Measures
Attach a safety belt to the person needing rescue to ensure their safety during the rescue.
3. Creating Anchors
Create four anchors on the opposite side of the rescue location. These anchors will serve as fixed points to support the rescue team and the person needing rescue during the operation.
4. Setting Up Securing Ropes
Use ropes to connect to the anchors and pull up four securing ropes. These ropes ensure that the rescue team and the person needing rescue can move safely.
5. Attaching Securing Ropes
Attach the securing ropes to all team members and the person needing rescue. This ensures safety in case of a fall.
6. Using the Pitagor
Equip the person needing rescue with the Pitagor. This is particularly suitable for supporting those with physical disabilities and enhances stability during the rescue using the ladder.
7. Ladder Horizontal Rescue Method
Place the ladder horizontally and lay the person needing rescue on it. Team members hold both ends of the ladder and use the securing ropes to safely move the person. In this method, the ladder functions like a crane, providing a stable way to transport the person needing rescue.
Safety Precautions
Maintain close communication among team members and stay aware of the surroundings during the rescue operation. Before starting, review the procedures with the entire team and ensure all safety measures are in place.
This “Ladder Horizontal Rescue Method” can be effectively implemented by the rescue team with proper training and preparation. Preparation and teamwork are essential to conducting rescue operations safely and quickly.
Reference page: Discover rope rescue systems, anchor types, knots, and techniques for safe and efficient low, and high-angle rescues in various terrains.
References National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
