Category: Fire Science
What Is Fire?
The True Nature of Fire and How It Starts Fire Is Not a Substance Unlike solids or liquids we see every day, fire is not a physical object—it’s not something you can touch or hold. Fire is a visible result of a chemical reaction called combustion, where a substance reacts with oxygen and releases heat…
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Understanding and Preventing Flashover
Understanding and Preventing Flashover — Learn signs, risks, and tactics to identify, delay, and survive flashover in structure fires. This article explains the dangers of flashover and how to prevent it. It covers how to identify smoke conditions, use cooling techniques, and perform proper ventilation. What Is Flashover? As a fire grows, hot gases collect…
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Basic Knowledge of Wood Combustion
Why Thin Wood Shavings Catch Fire Easily Thin wood shavings catch fire easily due to their lightweight and large surface area. Because they’re small and light, oxygen can reach them more easily, making ignition quick and efficient. Since they’re fine in structure, they also burn quickly. That’s why thin wood shavings are great as fire…
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Basics of Fire
Basics of Fire: What is Fire? Fire is a chemical reaction that produces heat and light. Learn about fire behavior, the fire triangle, and how firefighters control ventilation to suppress fires. States of Matter There are three main states of matter: For a material to burn, it usually needs to turn into a gas. Wood…
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Changes in Materials Due to Fire Damage
Changes in Materials Due to Fire Damage”—How wood, metal, and other materials react to fire. Essential for fire investigations and safety assessments. Wood Wood undergoes different changes depending on the intensity of the fire damage: 1. Discoloration (Mild Fire Damage) 2. Peeling (Moderate Fire Damage) 3. Combustion (Severe Fire Damage) Wood gradually deteriorates with increasing…
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Radiant (Thermal Radiation) Heat
Basic Principles and Role of Radiant Heat Radiant heat (also called thermal radiation) is one of the six factors that influence our thermal environment. It is the process of heat transfer through infrared radiation, affecting many aspects of daily life. For example, the heat from the sun warming the Earth through the vacuum of space…
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Specific Heat of Water and Its Role in Firefighting
Explore the specific heat of water and its key role in firefighting, heat absorption, and temperature regulation. 1. Specific Heat and Its Impact The specific heat of water is approximately 4.217 J/(g·K), meaning it takes 4.217 joules of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C. This high value indicates water’s…
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Energy Release in Bond Formation
Discover “Energy Release in Bond Formation” and how combustion releases energy through bond energy changes, producing heat and light. Basics of Combustion Combustion occurs when a chemical reaction breaks existing bonds in reactants and forms new bonds in products. This process involves changes in bond energy, playing a key role in whether the reaction releases…
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Pushing Fire: Understanding the Phenomenon and Its Implications
When firefighters arrive at the scene of a fire and begin applying water, they often expect the flames to diminish. However, many have witnessed a startling opposite effect—the fire spreads quickly into unburned spaces, causing sudden flare-ups. This phenomenon, referred to as “pushing fire,” has been the subject of debate in firefighting circles. While the…
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Fire Control Box
In firefighting, it’s essential to not only have the technical skills to extinguish fires but also to understand fire behavior. Modern homes are built with tighter seals and better insulation than older structures, which makes it critical to understand the dangers of smoke and heat, as well as to learn about the concept of “flow…
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