Fog Nail

Introduction

The fog nail is a highly effective firefighting tool, especially in enclosed or hard-to-reach spaces. It can be used for surface cooling and gas cooling, helping firefighters control fires with minimal water use. This guide explains how to use the fog nail, how it’s stored and supplied on fire engines, and how to apply it strategically and tactically.

Overview of the Fog Nail

Operates at 150–200 psi with a water flow rate of 20–30 gallons per minute.
Produces fine water droplets, making it ideal for gas cooling in enclosed spaces.
Fire engines typically carry two types:
- Restrictive Pattern Fog Nail: Best for vertical applications—through ceilings or floors, targeting attics or basements.
- Offensive Pattern Fog Nail: Best for horizontal use—applied through walls, eaves, or soffits, useful for unknown fire locations or cooling large spaces.

How to Use the Fog Nail

Select the appropriate fog nail: Choose restrictive or offensive pattern based on fire location.
Connect the fog nail:
- Remove the adjustable nozzle from the booster line.
- Attach the fog nail directly.
Adjust the pressure:
- Pump the line to an ideal pressure of 200 psi (acceptable range: 150–200 psi).

Effective Application

To maximize effectiveness, the fog nail must be placed correctly and used at the right time.

Use TIC (Thermal Imaging Camera):
- Identify fire origin and spread.
- Choose optimal insertion points.
Monitor Temperature:
- After water application, watch for drops in temperature to confirm fire control.

Strategic and Tactical Use

1. Offensive Use

For initial fire knockdown and rapid energy absorption.
Example: In interior structure fires, insert fog nail through the ceiling or wall before entry.

2. Defensive Use

To prevent fire spread, especially laterally.
Example: Install fog nails in external walls and keep water flowing to block extension.

Practical Examples

Attic Fires: Insert the restrictive pattern fog nail through drywall to cool the attic and prevent flashover.
Garage Fires: Use the offensive fog nail briefly before opening the garage door to reduce heat and smoke.
Vehicle Fires:
- Insert the fog nail through hood gaps or make a small hole using a Halligan tool.
- Insert through windows or door gaps to rapidly cool interior gases.
Basement Fires: Insert the fog nail through the floor above or via an exterior wall to begin cooling before entry.

Conclusion

The fog nail is a powerful tool in the hands of trained firefighters. Proper usage and strategic placement significantly enhance fire control efforts, especially in confined or high-risk spaces. Fire departments should practice with fog nails regularly and share operational experiences to improve effectiveness.

Train, practice, and apply—let the fog nail become a vital part of your firefighting tactics.