This section will discuss propulsion tools used for boats. There are two main tools: paddles and oars, both of which use water resistance to move the boat forward.

Difference Between Oars and Paddles

• Oars: Used for rowing boats, including inflatable ones. Oars are attached to the side of the boat with a fixed pivot point, and the boat is rowed while facing backward. Typically, one oar is on each side, and both are operated simultaneously to move the boat.

• Paddles: Unlike oars, paddles are not attached to the boat. They are used to propel canoes and are operated while facing forward. Since paddles are not fixed, there’s a risk of dropping them into the water if your grip slips, but they offer more freedom of movement, making precise adjustments easier.

Importance of Paddling Techniques

Many people overlook the importance of paddling in water rescue operations, which can be dangerous, especially in areas without fast-flowing rivers. These regions often rely heavily on land-based rescue methods and powered boats.

Even in operations where the entire team relies on powered machines, paddling remains a crucial skill. Machines can fail, especially in unpredictable water conditions, such as sudden strong currents. When motors stop working, the crew must be able to quickly paddle and maneuver the boat to safety.

In flood conditions, debris, hazardous materials, and submerged obstacles often make using powered boats impossible from the start. Paddling can provide a safer and more effective option in such scenarios.

Basic Paddle Handling Techniques

How to Hold the Paddle

To paddle efficiently, it’s important to hold the paddle correctly:

• Grip the paddle slightly wider than shoulder-width.
• Avoid gripping too tightly with either hand.
• Keep both elbows as straight as possible.
• Hold the paddle handle with your palms, making a triangle shape with your arms and the paddle.

Paddle Orientation

Paddles have a power face (the side used to push water) and a back face (the opposite side). The paddle blade is angled at the joint between the shaft and blade. When the blade curves forward, it’s in the correct position to push water and propel the boat forward.

Paddle Structure

• Handle: Usually T-shaped, but can also be oval or ball-shaped. T-shaped handles are useful for pulling victims into the boat.
• Blade: Generally straight but can also be concave. Concave blades require more attention to orientation.
• Shaft: Made from materials like wood, plastic, or carbon fiber. For rescue teams, plastic or wood is reliable and cost-effective.

Paddle Length

Avoid adjustable, telescopic paddle shafts, as they are unreliable in rescue operations. Instead, select a paddle length that allows the rescuer to sit on the bench and position the paddle vertically outside the boat.

Key Paddling Techniques

Forward Stroke

This stroke propels the boat forward. It should be smooth and powerful. Hold the paddle upright, lean forward, and push the paddle into the water. Push forward with the top hand and pull back with the bottom hand, keeping the paddle perpendicular to the boat.

J-Stroke

A modified forward stroke to prevent the boat from turning with each stroke. It’s called a “J-stroke” because of the J-shape made by the movement. After a forward stroke, twist the paddle blade at the end to push outward and correct the boat’s direction.

Draw Stroke

The draw stroke moves the boat sideways. Stretch the paddle out beside the boat, dip it into the water, and pull it toward the boat. This stroke is less efficient and requires a lot of strength but is essential for adjusting the boat’s position.

Sweep Stroke

Used to turn the boat. Extend the paddle behind you, dig it into the water, and sweep it along the side of the boat. This will push the stern left and the bow right (when paddling on the right side).

Summary

In rescue situations, paddling skills are crucial, as rescue boats are not like canoes. The primary operator should paddle on their dominant side, while the secondary rescuer paddles on the opposite side. Communication and teamwork are essential for effective boat control.

Practice paddling regularly and be prepared to switch between motorized and manual paddling as needed. Start in calm water and gradually move to more challenging environments once your skills improve.

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