Water Flow Ventilation (Hydraulic Ventilation)

Water Flow Ventilation (Hydraulic Ventilation) removes smoke and gases efficiently, enhancing visibility and safety with minimal environmental impact.

Basics of Water Flow Ventilation

Effects and Advantages of Water Flow Ventilation
Water flow ventilation plays a crucial role in firefighting operations, especially for efficiently removing smoke from enclosed spaces. By using high-pressure water to push smoke out of buildings, it improves visibility and significantly enhances the safety of firefighters.

Effective Use of Existing Hose Line Configurations
Most buildings are already equipped with fire hoses, enabling a swift response without the need for additional equipment installation. This provides a solid foundation for smooth water flow ventilation operations.

Optimal Method for Smoke Removal
Water flow ventilation not only removes smoke but also harmful gases, aiding post-fire environmental recovery. However, improper water management can lead to unnecessary water damage, so careful control of water usage is critical.

Procedure for Water Flow Ventilation

Water flow ventilation is a technique used by firefighters to efficiently remove smoke and harmful gases from enclosed spaces. The method involves creating an airflow using high-pressure water to push smoke out of a building. Below is a detailed step-by-step guide:

1. Preparation for Water Flow Ventilation

Selecting Ventilation Openings:
Choose openings (windows or doors) that allow smoke to exit efficiently. These are typically exterior openings connected to the room where the fire occurred.
Ensuring Safety:
Before starting ventilation, confirm the site is safe for firefighters and others. Check for structural integrity and eliminate risks of re-ignition.

2. Choosing and Setting the Nozzle

Nozzle Type:
Use a fog nozzle, which creates a fine mist, allowing widespread coverage.
Nozzle Adjustment:
Set the nozzle to fog mode and optimize water flow. A denser mist is more effective at controlling airflow.

3. Executing Water Flow Ventilation

Utilizing Water Pressure:
Direct water pressure through the nozzle to push smoke out of windows or doors. Ensure the pressure is sufficient but not excessive, as overpressure can cause environmental damage.
Creating Airflow:
The water mist mixes with the air, carrying smoke outside and generating a flow that clears the building of smoke.
Note: Position the nozzle operator 1–2 meters from the opening.

4. Monitoring and Adjusting

Effectiveness Monitoring:
Continuously observe the results of ventilation. Check if smoke levels are decreasing and ensure no issues arise.
Adjustments:
Modify the nozzle angle and water pressure as needed to maximize efficiency. Consider wind direction and other environmental factors.

5. Completing Ventilation

Judging Completion:
Stop ventilation when smoke is almost gone and air quality has visibly improved. Continue observing the area until it is confirmed to be completely safe.

Safety Measures and Importance

Role and Responsibility of Backup Firefighters
Backup firefighters are essential for maintaining safety during water flow ventilation. Their primary tasks include monitoring site conditions and responding promptly to emergencies, such as fire reignition or unexpected hazards.

Ensuring Safety Through Surrounding Checks
Regularly inspect the environment to confirm a safe working space. Ensure clear visibility and check for obstacles that may impede operations.

Preventing Fire Reignition and Countermeasures
Reignition is always a risk at fire sites. Backup personnel must remain vigilant to prevent sparks from turning into larger fires.

Precautions

Post-Fire Emergency Measures
Even after extinguishing a fire, smoke or heat may reappear. Rapidly addressing these issues ensures a safe working environment.

Conditions for Resuming Water Flow Ventilation
Certain conditions must be met before restarting water flow ventilation, such as confirming the fire is fully extinguished and minimizing the risk of reignition.

By following these steps and precautions, water flow ventilation can be performed effectively while ensuring the safety of both firefighters and the environment.